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|capital = *Istakhr (224–226)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CTESIPHON – Encyclopaedia Iranica )〕 *Ctesiphon (226–637) |common_languages = Middle Persian〔''Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East'', Vol.1, Ed. Jamie Stokes, (Infobase Publishing, 2009), 601.〕 Middle Aramaic (lingua franca) Parthian Greek Regional languages |religion = Zoroastrianism (also Babylonian, Christianity, Manichaeism, Judaism, Mandaeism, Paganism, Mithraism, Hinduism, Buddhism) |currency = |title_leader = Shahanshah |leader1 = Ardashir I (first) |year_leader1 = 224–241 |leader2 = Yazdegerd III (last) |year_leader2 = 632–651 |stat_year1 = 621 |stat_area1 = 6600000 |stat_pop1 = |today = }} The Sasanian Empire ( or ), also known as Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire), known to its inhabitants as ''Ērānshahr''〔 in Middle Persian language, was the last Iranian empire before the rise of Islam, ruled by and named after the Sasanian dynasty from 224 to 651. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognized as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighboring arch rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.〔Norman A. Stillman ''The Jews of Arab Lands'' pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 ISBN 0827611552〕〔International Congress of Byzantine Studies ''Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3'' pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 ISBN 075465740X〕 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sassanid Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, South Ossetia, Abkhazia), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sassanid Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.〔Khaleghi-Motlagh, (Derafš-e Kāvīān )〕 The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods, and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam.〔Hourani, p. 87.〕 In many ways, the Sassanid period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilization. Persia influenced Roman culture considerably during the Sassanid period.〔J. B. Bury, p. 109.〕 The Sassanids' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe,〔Will Durant, ''Age of Faith'', (Simon and Schuster, 1950), 150; ''Repaying its debt, Sasanian art exported it forms and motives eastward into India, Turkestan, and China, westward into Syria, Asia Minor, Constantinople, the Balkans, Egypt, and Spain.''.〕 Africa,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Transoxiana 04: Sasanians in Africa )〕 China and India.〔Sarfaraz, pp. 329–330〕 It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iransaga: The art of Sassanians )〕 Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sassanids throughout the Muslim world.〔Abdolhossein Zarinkoob: ''Ruzgaran: tarikh-i Iran az aghz ta saqut saltnat Pahlvi'', page 305〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sasanian Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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